China test-fires missile into Pacific, alarming regional powers

BEIJING/SYDNEY – China’s military test-fired a missile from a nuclear submarine into the Pacific on July 6, state media reported, drawing criticism and concerns from Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Taiwan.

A People’s Liberation Army (PLA) Navy submarine launched the missile, carrying a dummy warhead, towards international waters in the Pacific at 12.01pm, the official Xinhua news agency said.

Xinhua described the launch as a “routine arrangement” of China’s annual military training and said it was not directed against any specific country or target. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning said the launch was conducted “safely, in a standardised and professional manner throughout”.

“We hope relevant countries will not over-interpret the matter,” she said at a briefing in Beijing.

Xinhua did not specify what type of missile China had launched.

State-controlled tabloid Global Times, citing a military expert, said it was likely to have been the JL-3, China’s most advanced submarine-launched missile, which debuted at a military parade in 2025. That missile could reach the continental United States from Chinese coastal waters, according to a Pentagon report.

“The US and others will be watching and analysing the test launch closely for any insights into PLA capability,” said Meia Nouwens, a senior fellow for Chinese security and defence policy at the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies, referring to the Chinese military.

Short notice

Pacific regional powers Australia, New Zealand and Japan were given only a short period of advance notice about the test, which coincided with the signing in Fiji of a mutual defence pact between the island nation and Australia.

The test came “in the context of a rapid military build-up by China, which is lacking in the transparency and reassurance as to intent that the region expects”, Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong told reporters at a news conference in Fiji.

The Ocean of Peace alliance commits Australia and Fiji to defend each other if attacked. Beijing and Western powers led by the US and Australia have competed for years for influence in the strategically located island nations, and some analysts suggested the timing could be linked.

Mark Douglas, an analyst at New Zealand-based ship tracking firm Starboard Maritime Intelligence, said the test had been planned long in advance but the timing of China’s notification was “interesting, to say the least”.

Nouwens said China could be seeking to send a signal of its discontent about the Australia-Fiji agreement: “That said, the launch could be counterproductive and negatively affect China’s image among countries in the South Pacific.”

Taiwan calls test an attempt to intimidate

Taiwan’s presidential office called the test an attempt by China to intimidate the international community.

The democratically ruled island, which China says is part of its territory, has long warned of increased military activity from Beijing.

A senior Taiwanese security official said on July 6 that Taiwan was tracking an “upward trend” in Chinese naval movements during the peak military exercise season, including joint drills with Russia.

New Zealand Foreign Minister Winston Peters called the test “an unwelcome and concerning development”.

“We, like our neighbours in other Pacific countries, have no interest in China using the South Pacific as a testing site for missile capability,” said Peters.

Japan said that it had expressed its “grave concern over the Chinese military’s increased activity” and urged China to reconsider, when it was notified of the upcoming launch.

China last tested an intercontinental ballistic missile in 2024, a launch that highlighted the country’s increasing military capabilities. REUTERS